Hepatitis B/C serology testing is used to diagnose viral infections caused by hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV). These tests detect specific antibodies or antigens related to the viruses in the blood to determine the infection status. For hepatitis B, the surface antigen (HBsAg) is typically used as a marker of active infection, along with anti-HBs antibodies (indicating immunity due to vaccination or recovery) and anti-HBc (antibodies against the viral core). For hepatitis C, the initial test is the detection of anti-HCV antibodies, which indicate past exposure to the virus; however, a PCR test to detect viral RNA is necessary to confirm active infection. These tests are often ordered when hepatitis symptoms (such as jaundice, fatigue, or abdominal pain) are present or in individuals with risk factors such as blood exposure, needle sharing, or during blood donor screening. Interpretation of results requires consideration of the marker combination: a positive HBsAg indicates acute or chronic HBV infection, while a positive anti-HCV result requires confirmation by molecular testing. Early diagnosis of these infections is essential to prevent complications such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, and to reduce viral transmission. Blood samples are collected through a simple blood draw, and results are analyzed in combination with clinical symptoms and additional tests (such as liver function tests).