Synovial Fluid Analysis is performed to examine joint (synovial) fluid and diagnose the causes of joint inflammation or related diseases. This fluid, which is naturally present in joint cavities, serves to lubricate and protect the cartilage. The sample is obtained through joint aspiration (arthrocentesis) using a sterile needle, typically in suspected cases of septic arthritis (joint infection), gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or joint injuries.
Parameters analyzed include the appearance of the fluid (color, clarity), viscosity, cell count (white and red blood cells), presence of crystals (such as monosodium urate in gout or calcium pyrophosphate in pseudogout), microbial culture, and protein and glucose levels. An increased white blood cell count often indicates inflammation or infection, while the presence of crystals confirms metabolic diseases like gout.
Interpretation of results, along with clinical symptoms and other tests, helps in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection (such as antibiotics for infections or anti-inflammatory drugs for gout). Complications from aspiration are rare but may include temporary pain or infection.
